Intergenerational conflicts are one of the important phenomena in family relationships that can be related to the mental health, emotional adjustment, and quality of social relationships of adolescents. Adolescence is a sensitive stage of psychological development in which biological, cognitive, emotional, and social changes increase the individual's need for independence, autonomy, and identity redefinition. In this stage, the adolescent tries to shape his personal values, attitudes, and preferences and become more prepared to make independent decisions and actively participate in the social environment while maintaining family belonging. Parents may also want to maintain more supervision and control over their child's behavior based on their life experiences, cultural beliefs, parenting concerns, and expectations. The difference between the adolescent's need for independence and the parents' willingness to guide and protect them can pave the way for the formation of intergenerational conflicts. These conflicts become more psychologically important when they go beyond the usual disagreements and are accompanied by constant criticism, humiliation, threats, emotional neglect, or the inability of family members to resolve conflicts constructively. Intergenerational conflict refers to inconsistencies in values, attitudes, expectations, lifestyles, social norms, and perceptions of responsibility and independence between different generations. In families with adolescent children, these conflicts may arise over the choice of friends, clothing, academic performance, use of technology, presence on social networks, choice of field of study, commute, privacy, and future plans. The existence of disagreements between parents and adolescents is not in itself a sign of a disorder in family relationships, as it is part of the process of developing independence and rebuilding the child's parental relationships. The main issue is how to manage conflicts and the extent to which they affect the adolescent's sense of security, self-worth, and mental health. When disagreements are raised in an environment of mutual respect and the possibility of dialogue, they can contribute to the development of critical thinking, responsibility, and the ability to negotiate, but when conflict becomes a persistent and unresolved pattern, it may lead to increased stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression. From the perspective of family systems theory, adolescent mental health cannot be explained solely on the basis of his/her individual characteristics, but should also consider interaction patterns, the quality of emotional relationships, communication styles, and the conditions of the family environment. Within this framework, intergenerational conflicts may affect the mental health of the adolescent through a decrease in a sense of belonging, increased emotional tension, and a weakening of perceived support. An adolescent who is frequently exposed to arguments, blame, or contradictory messages may experience a less predictable family environment and expend a lot of psychological energy to predict parental reactions. Such a situation can increase feelings of worry, irritability, and sensitivity to criticism. If a teen is unable to speak freely about their problems or expects that expressing their feelings will lead to punishment and humiliation, they may resort to hiding, withdrawing, or suppressing emotions. Persistence of this situation can reduce the opportunity to receive emotional support and be accompanied by an exacerbation of anxiety symptoms in some teens. Anxiety in adolescents may manifest as constant worry about the future, fear of making mistakes, sensitivity to the evaluation of others, restlessness, irritability, difficulty concentrating, physical tension, or sleep disturbances. Intergenerational conflicts can contribute to the persistence of these symptoms by increasing uncertainty and feelings of lack of control. For example, an adolescent who disagrees with parents about his or her academic choices and is constantly threatened or blamed in the face of their opposition may associate decision-making with fear of failure and loss of family support. In such a situation, his or her concern may extend beyond the main topic of the conflict and affect other areas of life, such as friendships and academic performance. However, the intensity and type of anxiety response depends on individual characteristics, previous experiences, coping skills, and access to social support, and not all adolescents react the same way in similar situations. From a cognitive perspective, repeated experience of conflict can affect a teen's perception of themselves, others, and the future. The teen may conclude that he is unable to defend his or her desires, that others do not take his point of view seriously, or that any disagreement leads to a loss of affection and acceptance. These beliefs can increase his attention to threatening signs and cause him to interpret ambiguous situations negatively. When a teen expects any conversation to turn into a disagreement, he may become anxious before the interaction begins, or he may not be able to properly express his feelings and needs during the conversation. This process can create a cycle of worry, defensive reaction, escalation of conflict, and increased anxiety. On the other hand, some adolescents consistently ignore their demands to avoid conflict and agree with their parents on the surface, but on the inside they feel frustrated and helpless. This pattern may hinder true problem resolution and increase psychological pressure in a hidden way. The relationship between intergenerational conflicts and depressive symptoms can also be investigated through emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal mechanisms. Depression in adolescents may be associated with low mood, decreased interest in enjoyable activities, feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, decreased motivation, social withdrawal, sleep disturbances, and changes in appetite. Family conflicts can be associated with these symptoms when a teen constantly feels unheard, his or her efforts are ignored, or his or her worthiness depends on academic performance and obedience to parental expectations. Frequent criticism and comparisons to others may undermine a teen's self-worth and reinforce negative beliefs about their abilities and competencies. If the adolescent feels that there is no room in the family to express his or her emotional needs, he may gradually withdraw from the interaction and experience a greater sense of loneliness. This emotional isolation can reduce his access to family support resources and, in the presence of other vulnerability, increase depressive symptoms. However, family conflict alone is not enough to explain depression, and biological, family history of mental disorders, traumatic experiences, academic difficulties, bullying, and the quality of social relationships should also be considered. Attachment theory is another important framework for explaining the relationship between intergenerational conflicts and adolescents' mental health. According to this view, the quality of emotional relationships with caregivers is important in forming a person's sense of security and expectations about the availability of others. When the relationship between the adolescent parent is accompanied by emotional responsiveness, acceptance, and relative stability, the adolescent can benefit from family support in stressful situations and not consider disagreements as a threat to the essence of the relationship. In contrast, if parental affection and acceptance are perceived in the adolescent experience as conditional, unstable, or dependent on total obedience, each conflict may be interpreted as a sign of rejection or loss of support. This perception can increase feelings of insecurity, worry about the future of relationships, and difficulty in emotion regulation. However, the experience of conflict does not necessarily indicate insecure attachment, and relationship quality should be evaluated based on the overall pattern of interactions rather than an individual disagreement. From the perspective of self-determination theory, meeting psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and belonging is important for the mental health of the adolescent. Growing up, the adolescent needs opportunities to express his or her perspective, participate in age-appropriate decisions, and maintain an emotional bond with the family while being independent. When parents control all of a teen's choices or impose their own decisions without explanation, their sense of autonomy may decrease. In contrast, freedom without guidance and the absence of clear boundaries can also create feelings of helplessness and confusion. Therefore, a healthy relationship requires a balance between parental guidance, respect for independence, and setting age-appropriate boundaries and risk levels. When an adolescent feels they can participate in decision-making and express their dissent without fear of humiliation, they are more likely to experience disagreements as an opportunity to negotiate, rather than a threat to their self-worth. These situations can help reduce stress and strengthen coping skills. Cultural and social factors also play an important role in shaping intergenerational conflicts. Rapid changes in technology, media, communication patterns, and social attitudes may widen the gap between the experiences of the parent and adolescent generations. Parents may prioritize values such as obedience, reputation preservation, job security, or adherence to traditional norms based on past experiences, while adolescents may place greater emphasis on self-expression, independence, acceptance of differences, and participation in decision-making. These differences become traumatic conflict when each generation sees their perspective as the only valid criterion and does not give credit to the other person's experiences and concerns. Intergenerational dialogue is more constructive when family members can understand each other's reasons and needs while maintaining their values. Media literacy education, conversations about privacy, agreement on the use of technology, and teen involvement in setting family rules can reduce some of the lifestyle differences. The role of parenting styles is significant. Styles based on emotional support, accountability, and logical boundaries usually provide more opportunity for constructive dialogue, while psychological control, humiliation, threats, and neglect may exacerbate conflicts. Psychological control refers to ways of exerting influence that limit a teen's emotional independence; for example, creating feelings of guilt, embarrassment, or threatening to cut off affection to force him or her to accept parental demands. These methods may create apparent obedience in the short term, but they can undermine mutual trust and increase the likelihood of secrecy or resistance. In contrast, setting clear rules, explaining the consequences of behavior, listening to the teen's perspective, and maintaining stability in parental reactions can provide the groundwork for conflict resolution. Of course, parents may also be under economic, occupational, or psychological pressure, and in some situations they may be less able to manage their emotions, so effective interventions should also take into account the needs of parents and avoid one-sided blame for them. Intergenerational conflicts can affect symptoms of anxiety and depression through impaired emotion regulation. An adolescent who does not have enough time in the family setting to learn to name emotions, tolerate failure, and problem-solving, may resort to strategies such as avoidance, rumination, aggression, or emotion suppression in the face of stressful situations. Rumination, i.e., the mental repetition of negative thoughts without effective movement toward problem-solving, can keep the teen's attention focused on past conflicts and the possibility of their recurrence. This process may perpetuate anxiety and increase feelings of helplessness or hopelessness. In contrast, the ability to reconsider the situation, separate the problem from one's self-worth, and identify practical solutions can reduce the severity of stress. Teaching emotion regulation and problem-solving skills helps the teen create a distance between his feelings and his chosen behavior and choose a more appropriate response instead of an immediate reaction. In the family setting, learning the skills of active listening, respectful expression of disagreement, and negotiation can reduce the likelihood of escalating conflicts. Social support outside the family is another important factor in the link between intergenerational conflict and mental health. Having a positive relationship with friends, teachers, school counselors, and extended family members can provide resources for emotional support and realistic assessment of problems. An adolescent who has access to trusted people may experience less loneliness in the face of family conflict and learn more adaptive strategies for coping with stress. However, social support is most effective when it helps the adolescent manage their problems constructively and does not completely replace safe and responsible communication in the family. Also, if the adolescent becomes dependent on incompatible peer groups due to family conflicts, they may turn to behaviors that pose other risks to their health to achieve a sense of belonging. Therefore, fostering healthy social relationships and creating opportunities to participate in educational, cultural, and sports activities can be part of prevention programs. Examining the relationship between intergenerational conflicts with anxiety and depression is also associated with methodological challenges. First, the observed relationship between family conflict and psychological symptoms does not necessarily prove a causal relationship. Persistent conflict may lead to an increase in psychological stress, but the symptoms of adolescent anxiety or depression can also make family interactions more difficult and increase parents' anxious reactions. As a result, the relationship between these variables can be two-way and influenced by common factors. Second, many studies use self-report questionnaires, and the responses may be influenced by memory, the desire to present a favorable self-image, or differences in perceptions of family members. Third, intergenerational conflicts are not the same and simple phenomenon; disputes over independence, differences in values, conflicts caused by violence, and conflicts related to economic problems may have different consequences. Therefore, the overall measurement of conflict regardless of its intensity, frequency, subject, and method of resolution can lead to a decrease in the accuracy of the results. In addition, symptoms of anxiety and depression are not identical to clinically diagnosed disorders, and the use of screening tools alone is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Researchers should also consider adolescent age, gender, family economic status, history of psychological problems, quality of attachment, peer relationships, and traumatic experiences in the analysis. The use of longitudinal studies and multi-reference methods can help clarify the chronological order of changes and identify effective mechanisms. In the context of interventions, family-centered programs can help reduce intergenerational tensions by teaching effective communication, conflict resolution, emotion regulation, and constructive negotiation. In these programs, it is necessary for parents to learn that listening to the adolescent's perspective does not mean abandoning parental responsibility, and that the adolescent should also be familiar with the rights, responsibilities, and consequences of his or her choices. Having family conversations at the right time, avoiding derogatory arguments at the height of anger, using statements expressing feelings and needs, and agreeing on clear rules can improve the quality of interaction. If symptoms of anxiety or depression are persistent or interfere with the adolescent's academic performance, social relationships, and daily activities, a professional mental health assessment is necessary. Cognitive-behavioral interventions can be effective in identifying negative thoughts, correcting ineffective interpretations, reducing avoidance, and strengthening coping skills. In cases where family conflict is a significant factor in persistence of the problem, family counseling or interventions for the adolescent's parent can also be used to improve communication and reduce traumatic interaction patterns. In the presence of serious violence or threat, the priority should be to protect the adolescent and provide professional and safe support. The study of the relationship between intergenerational conflicts and anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents shows that the quality of family interactions is one of the important factors related to mental health during this developmental period, but the severity and type of consequences depend on a set of individual, family, and social factors. Typical disagreements, if accompanied by respect and constructive dialogue, can contribute to the development of independence and decision-making skills, while chronic, humiliating, and unresolved conflicts may undermine feelings of security, self-worth, and the ability to regulate emotion. Simultaneously paying attention to the adolescent's need for independence and the need of parents for guidance and protection can provide the ground for more balanced relationships. Strengthening emotional support, reducing psychological control, teaching communication skills, and accessing counseling services are among the strategies that can help reduce stress and improve adolescents' adjustment. A scientific and inconclusive view of this issue is necessary, because the presence of conflict alone does not mean that the adolescent will suffer from anxiety or depression, and accurate identification of risk and protective factors requires a comprehensive assessment and attention to the real life conditions of each adolescent.