The role of the psycho-oncologist in managing the anxiety and depression of family caregivers of cancer patients is one of the important axes of comprehensive care in psycho-oncology, because long-term care of the patient can expose the family caregiver to significant emotional, cognitive, physical, social, and economic pressures, and if it continues, reduce his capacity for psychological adjustment. Family caregivers may face fear of the future, concern about the effectiveness of treatment, possibility of recurrence, drug side effects, change in the patient's physical condition, and the possibility of death, and these conditions provide the ground for the occurrence or exacerbation of anxiety and depressive symptoms. From the perspective of the psychosocial model, the caregiver's mental state is the result of the interaction of individual factors, physical conditions, disease characteristics, caring burden, social resources, economic status, and the quality of family relationships, and therefore, the management of anxiety and depression requires a multidimensional and person-centered approach. In the first stage, the psycho-oncologist regularly assesses the caregiver's psychological status, the severity of anxiety and depression, sleep quality, fatigue, feelings of helplessness, caregiver pressure, coping strategies, and the level of social support in order to distinguish between the natural response to difficult situations and the symptoms requiring specialized intervention. Regular screening is particularly important, as some caregivers ignore their psychological needs due to their complete focus on the patient and may only seek help when symptoms have been significantly exacerbated. One important theoretical basis in this regard is the stress and coping model, which emphasizes the role of a person's cognitive assessment of the stressful situation and the resources available to cope with it, so two caregivers facing similar medical conditions may experience different levels of anxiety and depression due to differences in mental perception, social support, and coping skills. The psycho-oncologist can provide the basis for correcting the cognitive evaluation of the caregiver by identifying catastrophic thoughts, feelings of guilt, excessive responsibility, and unrealistic perceptions. Cognitive-behavioral interventions in this process can help manage anxiety symptoms and depression by identifying dysfunctional thoughts, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving training, and reinforcing adaptive behaviors. In caregivers who constantly expect the worst outcome or perceive any physical change as a sign of definite deterioration, teaching the distinction between probability, reality, and subjective interpretation can help reduce anxiety. Teaching emotion regulation skills is also an important component of the intervention and can include controlled breathing, relaxation, mindful attention, managing intrusive thoughts, and increasing tolerance for unpleasant emotions. Along with cognitive interventions, the psycho-oncologist should also pay attention to the behavioral factors affecting depression, as caregivers may gradually reduce their social, recreational, occupational, and personal activities, reinforcing this gradual isolation of the depressive cycle. Behavioral activation and planning activities commensurate with the caregiver's ability can help to gradually restore feelings of participation, pleasure, and efficiency. Managing caregiver's anxiety and depression is also not complete regardless of the actual burden of care, so the psycho-oncologist should examine how much of the caregiver's responsibilities are placed on a person's shoulders and whether it is possible to share responsibility among other family members. Training in problem-solving and care organization skills can help the caregiver prioritize tasks and reduce feelings of confusion and incontinence. Strengthening social support is also an important element of the intervention, as the caregiver's isolation can exacerbate anxiety and depression, and communication with family members, friends, support groups, and social services can provide them with more coping resources. The psycho-oncologist can also identify dysfunctional communication patterns in family meetings and help family members have more effective conversations about the caregiver's division of responsibilities, emotional needs, and limitations. In some families, the caregiver thinks that he or she does not have the right to be tired or ask for help due to a sense of duty or guilt, and this belief can increase burnout, so it is important to redefine self-care as part of effective patient care. In situations where the illness is prolonged or advanced, existential and meaning-based interventions can also be used, as the caregiver may face questions about the meaning of suffering, death, hope, responsibility, and the future of the family. These interventions aim to create realistic meaning and reinforce individual and family values, and should not lead to false hope or denial of the reality of the disease. In palliative care, the role of the psycho-oncologist in managing the caregiver's anxiety and depression becomes even more important, as changing the patient's situation, deciding on care goals, and facing the possibility of death can create significant psychological stress. In such situations, psychological support should focus on emotion regulation, effective communication, tolerance of uncertainty, processing grief in advance, and maintaining meaningful communication between the patient and the family. If there are severe, persistent symptoms or symptoms of mental disorder, the psycho-oncologist should consider appropriate referral to a psychiatrist or other mental health professional and continue psychological interventions in coordination with specialized treatment. Another important application is to educate the caregiver about the nature of anxiety and depression and reduce the stigma associated with receiving psychological services, as some caregivers see their symptoms as a sign of personal weakness and therefore do not receive professional help. The use of group therapy and caregiver support groups can also reduce feelings of loneliness and allow for the exchange of experience and learning coping strategies. Digital interventions and telepsycho-oncology can also increase access to psychological support in situations where the caregiver is not able to visit in person due to day-to-day responsibilities, however, confidentiality, information security, digital literacy, and the quality of therapeutic communication should be considered. The most important limitations in this area are the lack of trained professionals, unequal access to psychological services, the cost of treatment, the time pressure of caregivers, and the focus of the health system on the patient rather than the family. Also, the severity of the caregiver's anxiety and depression may be affected by the type of cancer, the stage of the disease, the prognosis, the degree of the patient's dependence, economic status, and family structure, and therefore the implementation of the same program is not appropriate for all caregivers. Another limitation is that some caregivers tend to hide their psychological needs due to their supportive role, which can make it difficult to identify problems early. It is recommended that caregiver distress assessments be conducted alongside the patient's assessment and at critical points along the treatment path, and that an intervention plan be tailored to the severity of the problem for caregivers with significant symptoms. Establishing a clear referral pathway between the oncologist, nurse, psycho-oncist, psychiatrist, and social worker can prevent service discontinuity and foster multidisciplinary care. It is also recommended to provide short-term training programs on emotion regulation, problem solving, self-care, family communication, and caregiver stress management in cancer centers. Finally, the role of the psycho-oncologist in managing anxiety and depression of family caregivers is not limited to reducing a set of psychological symptoms, but also includes continuous assessment, prevention, education, strengthening self-efficacy, modifying coping patterns, reducing the burden of caregiving, facilitating family communication, and providing access to specialized services. Such an approach can help the caregiver maintain their mental health, personal identity, social relationships, and quality of life in addition to playing a supportive role for the patient, and prevent the transformation of caregiver stress into lasting psychological burnout.