Art therapy, resilience and psychological restructuring after individual and collective crises is a complementary approach in psychological interventions that uses creative processes to support adaptation, emotion regulation, and a gradual return to psychosocial functioning. The theoretical foundations of this approach are based on the biopsychosocial perspective and theories of resilience, emotion regulation, processing of traumatic experiences, and reconstructing meaning, and considers a crisis as a situation in which the individual's usual coping resources are insufficient to manage the existing stress. Experiencing individual crises such as grief, severe illness, divorce, job loss, and sudden events, or collective crises such as war, natural disasters, forced migration, and pandemics can impair a sense of security, predictability, control, and continuity of identity. In such a situation, art, as the non-verbal language of experience, can make it possible to express emotions that are difficult to express verbally due to their intensity, complexity, or unspeakable nature. The process of painting, drawing, collage, sculpture, music, drama, and creative writing can help a person organize his inner experience and represent it in a symbolic and visible way. One of the important mechanisms of art therapy in psychological reconstruction is to facilitate emotion regulation, because the person can identify, experience, and express emotions such as fear, anger, sadness, helplessness, and frustration in a controlled way. In this process, the creation of a work of art can create an appropriate psychological distance between the person and the experience of the crisis and allow the observance of the event from a less stressful position. Active participation in artistic activity can also foster a sense of agency, as the person is involved in the choice of materials, colors, themes, and ways of expressing themselves, transforming from a passive recipient of the crisis experience to an active participant in the process of psychological regeneration. This sense of control is important for strengthening resilience, as one of the common consequences of a crisis is a feeling of powerlessness and loss of control over life. Art therapy can also increase self-efficacy through the experience of success in small, achievable activities, showing the person that they are still capable of creating, choosing, changing, and influencing. From a cognitive perspective, the artistic process can help reconstruct a personal narrative about the crisis and prevent the formation of a well-defined identity based on harm or victimhood. In the process of creating the work, the individual can link their past, present situation, and desired future to a more coherent narrative and explore the possibility of new meaning formation. Reconstructing meaning is an important component of adaptation after extreme and unpredictable events, and art can allow a person to pursue questions about identity, loss, hope, connection, and the future in a symbolic way. Art therapy, on the other hand, can provide the opportunity for gradual and controlled exposure to difficult experiences through the reduction of emotional avoidance, although the intensity and timing of this exposure should be in tune with the crisis phase and the person's psychological capacity. In the early post-crisis stages, the main goal is not necessarily to deeply process traumatic memories, but rather to create a sense of security, stability, connection, and regulation of arousal. Therefore, the use of simple, structured, and predictable art activities can be more suitable for creating calm and emotional stabilization. In later stages, art can help process the narrative of the crisis, reconstruct identity, and foster hope. Research evidence in the field of art therapy and art-based interventions has shown that these methods can be associated with improvements in some indicators of anxiety, depression, psychological distress, emotional expression, and quality of life, but the quality and volume of evidence are not the same in the context of different crises. Some studies after natural disasters and mass events have reported the role of artistic activities in strengthening social connection, expressing emotions and supporting psychological adjustment, while in some studies the differences between different art interventions and their effects need to be investigated more closely. In collective crises, in addition to individual function, art can play a social and communicative role and provide a platform for rebuilding group bonds, a sense of belonging, and collective identity. Group artistic activities such as group painting, participatory theater, and group music can transform shared experiences into expressive narratives and help reduce feelings of isolation. In societies where the crisis has caused a rupture of social networks, artistic participation can create an opportunity to re-establish relationships and rebuild social capital. Theater and participatory narrative can in particular provide the opportunity to represent the collective experience and examine the changed social roles. In children and adolescents, art therapy can provide an age-appropriate way to express emotion and rebuild a sense of security through play, painting, storytelling, and theatrical activities. In adults, art can also help manage grief, stress, identity change, and communication problems in addition to psychological support. For survivors of physical or psychological crises, art can help redefine a person's relationship with the body, the environment, and the future. One of its important applications in the rehabilitation process is to bridge the experience of the crisis and a gradual return to daily and social activities. Art therapy can also be used in group psychological support programs, rehabilitation centers, schools, community centers, and mental health services after a crisis. However, the use of art in crisis situations requires serious attention to ethical, cultural, and clinical principles. Activating intense memories or encouraging deep expression of the traumatic experience without assessing the person's readiness may cause a temporary increase in distress. Therefore, the therapist must strike a balance between the opportunity to express emotion and the need to maintain psychological stability. On the other hand, not every artistic activity is necessarily art therapy, and the therapeutic intervention must have a clinical purpose, a clear structure, and be implemented by a trained person. Cultural differences are also important, as the meaning and symbols of art can vary in different cultures, and their direct interpretation may lead to clinical error. Another challenge is the heterogeneity of research methods, differences in assessment tools, limited sample size, and short follow-up period in some studies. Also, the severity and type of crisis, the time stage of the intervention, individual characteristics, and the level of social support can affect the outcomes of art therapy. For this reason, it is not possible to apply a single protocol for all people and all types of crises. Future research can more accurately investigate the effectiveness of art therapy with larger samples, controlled designs, long-term follow-ups, and accurate separation of the different stages of the crisis. Investigating specific mechanisms such as emotion regulation, self-efficacy, hope, restructuring meaning, social support, and psychological flexibility can also help to identify the factors affecting the success of interventions. Art therapy can be used as a complementary and human-centered intervention, along with standard mental health services, to express the experience of crisis, regulate emotion, strengthen the sense of control, reconstruct identity, create meaning, increase social connection, and strengthen resilience, however, its effectiveness depends on the type of crisis, the characteristics of the individual, the time of implementation of the intervention, the quality of the therapeutic relationship, and the way the program is designed and implemented, and should be used based on specialized evaluation and available scientific evidence.